提高浑善达克沙地飞播治沙造林成效的初步研究

京津风沙源治理工程启动实施以来,飞播治沙造林种草作为治理浑善达克沙地的一项主要技术得到了大面积的推广应用,并已取得了明显成效。本文根据近年来浑善达克沙地飞播治沙造林情况,就飞播治沙造林中几个关键技术进行了初步研究,对提高浑善达克沙地的飞播成效、加快该地区沙地治理速度具有一定的意义。     

Establishment of Prosopis cineraria (L.) druce in the hot deserts of India

Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce, commonly known as Jandi, is a deep rooted, nitrogen fixing, multipurpose tree endemic to the hot deserts of India. These trees are the essential component of the agroforestry land use system in these parts of India. The shade-intolerant tree reproduces poorly in nature and is difficult to propagate vegetatively. Germination up to 86.6% was observed after 15 days in seeds soaked in water at room temperature for 72 h. In another treatment, pouring of boiling water twice (at 0 and 6 h) over seeds and germinating after 12 h produced germination rates of 92.6%. Field establishment of containerized transplants in polythene bags (22×10 cm; 150 gauge) gave 90.3% survival after 6 months and 75.4% survival after 24 months. Seedlings were irrigated once during transplanting with 15 1 water. Bare root transplants and manual direct seeding after 6 months had a survival of 30.8 and 45.0%, respectively. Increased levels of nutrients (N, P and K), moisture content and organic carbon were observed under plantations as compared to open areas.     

浅谈开放式数控系统及其在线切割机床上的应用

介绍了开放式体系结构数控系统的概念、特点及分类,并简要介绍了开放式数控系统在电火花线切割机上的应用。     

带锯机杠杆压砣式张紧系统的研究

根据以前对带锯机杠杆压砣式张紧系统振动的分析,设计了一新型装置,并用试验进行了对比分析,证实采用改进后的杠杆压砣系统可大大降低锯条的振动。为改善带锯机的动态特性提供了一条有效的途径。     

漂浮育苗不同基质配比对除虫菊苗素质的影响

利用烤烟小拱棚进行除虫菊漂浮育苗试验,以草炭、腐殖土、膨化珍诛岩和蛭石等为原料,采用不同配比的除虫菊漂浮育苗基质为试验因子,从出苗率、成活率、分蘖率和除虫菊的主要农艺性状、干物质积累量、黄叶数等方面进行探讨研究。结果表明,基质配方D（40％草炭＋50％腐殖土＋20％膨化珍珠岩＋10％蛭石）培育出来的除虫菊苗,出苗率、成活率和分蘖率高,干物质积累量多,根系发达,叶片和株高适中,因此除虫菊苗的综合素质最好。     

液压传动技术在烟草打顶机上的应用

针对烟草中后期田间管理阶段的打顶及喷施抑芽剂时,作业人员劳动强度大、生产效率低,严重影响烟草产量和质量的现状,研制出高地隙三轮自走式全液压烟草打顶机。该机采用T型车架及高架式机体,液压驱动行走、转向、制动系统,以及液压操纵烟草打顶、喷施药剂系统。该打顶机液压系统传递功率大、结构紧凑、布置灵活,且易于实现无级调速及过载保护,便于控制、操作简便,可高效地完成烟草打顶及喷施药剂作业。     

灌木平茬机沙地通过性仿真研究

为研究灌木平茬机在科尔沁沙地的通过性能,基于ADAMS/ATV建立了其虚拟样机模型及符合沙地特性的平地、坡路、垂直障碍、凹坑、正弦路面等虚拟地形,进行了灌木平茬机在典型路面上行驶的仿真分析。结果表明,灌木平茬机能够平稳通过所建立的虚拟地形,在沙地上具有较好的通过性能,转向平稳。根据仿真结果确定灌木平茬机主动轮的最佳直径为280 mm、转向半径为0.75 m。     

杜仲栽培技术

从苗木培育(包括播种育苗、根扦插法育苗和嫁接育苗)及丰产林(包括皮用丰产林和叶用丰产林)的营造、抚育管理、病虫害防治、采收等方面叙述了杜仲的栽培管理技术。     

瓦楞纸板自动横切机控制系统设计

针对国内瓦楞纸板生产效率低、剪损大的缺点,研制开发了瓦楞纸板自动横切系统,详细分析了其工作原理、系统构成和功能实现.现场使用表明：该系统具有自动化程度高,切割精度高,产品成本低等优点.     

Analysis of residuals for stability assessment of rice genotypes

The analysis of residuals computes general adaptabilities (GAs) and specific adaptabilities (SAs) of genotypes similar to combining ability analysis. The residual analysis is simple and robust being based on the first-degree statistics, and is assumption-free. A unique statistic of ratio of variances (VR) of residuals for individual genotypes allows comparing their stability. The residuals analysis of genotype × environment (GE) interactions was performed for grain yield (t ha^?1) of 25 rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes, including two developed by marker-assisted selection for root traits quantitative trait loci (QTL), tested across 16 sites. Results were compared with the linear regression analysis for (i) full set of 16 sites showing adequacy of linear model and (ii) subset of nine-poor sites showing inadequacy of linear model. There was agreement between the two analyses for situation (i) but not for situation (ii) when the regression analysis fails because of nonlinearity but the residual analysis retains its validity.